Recent advances in polymeric materials used as electron mediators and immobilizing matrices in developing enzyme electrodes
Different classes of polymeric materials such as nanomaterials, sol-gel materials, conducting polymers, functional polymers and biomaterials have been used in the design of sensors and biosensors. Various methods have been used, for example from direct adsorption, covalent bonding, crossing-linking...
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2016
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/1/923 http://hdl.handle.net/11408/1543 |
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| author | Moyo, Mambo Okonkwo, Jonathan O. Agyei, Nana M. |
| author_facet | Moyo, Mambo Okonkwo, Jonathan O. Agyei, Nana M. |
| author_sort | Moyo, Mambo |
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| description | Different classes of polymeric materials such as nanomaterials, sol-gel materials, conducting polymers, functional polymers and biomaterials have been used in the design of sensors and biosensors. Various methods have been used, for example from direct adsorption, covalent bonding, crossing-linking with glutaraldehyde on composites to mixing the enzymes or use of functionalized beads for the design of sensors and biosensors using these polymeric materials in recent years. It is widely acknowledged that analytical sensing at electrodes modified with polymeric materials results in low detection limits, high sensitivities, lower applied potential, good stability, efficient electron transfer and easier immobilization of enzymes on electrodes such that sensing and biosensing of environmental pollutants is made easier. However, there are a number of challenges to be addressed in order to fulfill the applications of polymeric based polymers such as cost and shortening the long laboratory synthetic pathways involved in sensor preparation. Furthermore, the toxicological effects on flora and fauna of some of these polymeric materials have not been well studied. Given these disadvantages, efforts are now geared towards introducing low cost biomaterials that can serve as alternatives for the development of novel electrochemical sensors and biosensors. This review highlights recent contributions in the development of the electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on different polymeric material. The synergistic action of some of these polymeric materials and nanocomposites imposed when combined on electrode during sensing is discussed. |
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| id | ir-11408-1543 |
| institution | My University |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | MDPI |
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| spelling | ir-11408-15432022-06-27T13:49:06Z Recent advances in polymeric materials used as electron mediators and immobilizing matrices in developing enzyme electrodes Moyo, Mambo Okonkwo, Jonathan O. Agyei, Nana M. Polymeric material; mediator; electrochemical sensor; biosensor; enzyme electrode Different classes of polymeric materials such as nanomaterials, sol-gel materials, conducting polymers, functional polymers and biomaterials have been used in the design of sensors and biosensors. Various methods have been used, for example from direct adsorption, covalent bonding, crossing-linking with glutaraldehyde on composites to mixing the enzymes or use of functionalized beads for the design of sensors and biosensors using these polymeric materials in recent years. It is widely acknowledged that analytical sensing at electrodes modified with polymeric materials results in low detection limits, high sensitivities, lower applied potential, good stability, efficient electron transfer and easier immobilization of enzymes on electrodes such that sensing and biosensing of environmental pollutants is made easier. However, there are a number of challenges to be addressed in order to fulfill the applications of polymeric based polymers such as cost and shortening the long laboratory synthetic pathways involved in sensor preparation. Furthermore, the toxicological effects on flora and fauna of some of these polymeric materials have not been well studied. Given these disadvantages, efforts are now geared towards introducing low cost biomaterials that can serve as alternatives for the development of novel electrochemical sensors and biosensors. This review highlights recent contributions in the development of the electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on different polymeric material. The synergistic action of some of these polymeric materials and nanocomposites imposed when combined on electrode during sensing is discussed. 2016-06-09T13:39:01Z 2016-06-09T13:39:01Z 2012 Article 1424-8220 http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/1/923 http://hdl.handle.net/11408/1543 en Sensors;Vol.12; p. 923-953 open MDPI |
| spellingShingle | Polymeric material; mediator; electrochemical sensor; biosensor; enzyme electrode Moyo, Mambo Okonkwo, Jonathan O. Agyei, Nana M. Recent advances in polymeric materials used as electron mediators and immobilizing matrices in developing enzyme electrodes |
| title | Recent advances in polymeric materials used as electron mediators and immobilizing matrices in developing enzyme electrodes |
| title_full | Recent advances in polymeric materials used as electron mediators and immobilizing matrices in developing enzyme electrodes |
| title_fullStr | Recent advances in polymeric materials used as electron mediators and immobilizing matrices in developing enzyme electrodes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent advances in polymeric materials used as electron mediators and immobilizing matrices in developing enzyme electrodes |
| title_short | Recent advances in polymeric materials used as electron mediators and immobilizing matrices in developing enzyme electrodes |
| title_sort | recent advances in polymeric materials used as electron mediators and immobilizing matrices in developing enzyme electrodes |
| topic | Polymeric material; mediator; electrochemical sensor; biosensor; enzyme electrode |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/1/923 http://hdl.handle.net/11408/1543 |
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