Reducing disease and death from Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) - the urgent need for responsible mining in the context of growing global demand for minerals and metals for climate change mitigation
Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) takes place under extreme conditions with a lack of occupational health and safety. As the demand for metals is increasing due in part to their extensive use in 'green technologies' for climate change mitigation, the negative environmental and occupat...
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2022
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author | Philip Landrigan Stephan Bose-O'Reilly Johanna Elbel Gunnar Nordberg Roberto Lucchini Casey Bartrem Philippe Grandjean Donna Mergler Dingani Moyo Benoit Nemery Margrit von Braun Dennis Nowak Collegium Ramazzini |
author2 | Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco City, Monaco. landrigp@bc.edu.Program for Global Public Health and the Common Good, Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Boston, USA. landrigp@bc.edu. |
author_facet | Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco City, Monaco. landrigp@bc.edu.Program for Global Public Health and the Common Good, Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Boston, USA. landrigp@bc.edu. Philip Landrigan Stephan Bose-O'Reilly Johanna Elbel Gunnar Nordberg Roberto Lucchini Casey Bartrem Philippe Grandjean Donna Mergler Dingani Moyo Benoit Nemery Margrit von Braun Dennis Nowak Collegium Ramazzini |
author_sort | Philip Landrigan |
collection | DSpace |
description | Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) takes place under extreme conditions with a lack of occupational health and safety. As the demand for metals is increasing due in part to their extensive use in 'green technologies' for climate change mitigation, the negative environmental and occupational consequences of mining practices are disproportionately felt in low- and middle-income countries. The Collegium Ramazzini statement on ASM presents updated information on its neglected health hazards that include multiple toxic hazards, most notably mercury, lead, cyanide, arsenic, cadmium, and cobalt, as well as physical hazards, most notably airborne dust and noise, and the high risk of infectious diseases. These hazards affect both miners and mining communities as working and living spaces are rarely separated. The impact on children and women is often severe, including hazardous exposures during the child-bearing age and pregnancies, and the risk of child labor. We suggest strategies for the mitigation of these hazards and classify those according to primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Further, we identify knowledge gaps and issue recommendations for international, national, and local governments, metal purchasers, and employers are given. With this statement, the Collegium Ramazzini calls for the extension of efforts to minimize all hazards that confront ASM miners and their families. |
format | research article |
id | ir-11408-5301 |
institution | My University |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BMC |
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spelling | ir-11408-53012022-12-16T11:15:30Z Reducing disease and death from Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) - the urgent need for responsible mining in the context of growing global demand for minerals and metals for climate change mitigation Philip Landrigan Stephan Bose-O'Reilly Johanna Elbel Gunnar Nordberg Roberto Lucchini Casey Bartrem Philippe Grandjean Donna Mergler Dingani Moyo Benoit Nemery Margrit von Braun Dennis Nowak Collegium Ramazzini Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco City, Monaco. landrigp@bc.edu.Program for Global Public Health and the Common Good, Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Boston, USA. landrigp@bc.edu. Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. Institute of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. TerraGraphics International Foundation, Moscow, ID 83843, USA. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA. Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur le bien-être, la santé, la société et l'environnement (Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Wellbeing, Society and Environment, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Occupational Health Division, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, ZimbabweDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe. Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. TerraGraphics International Foundation, Moscow, ID 83843, USA.Environmental Science Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA. Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# ASM Environmental health Global south Green energy transition Mining Occupational health. Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) takes place under extreme conditions with a lack of occupational health and safety. As the demand for metals is increasing due in part to their extensive use in 'green technologies' for climate change mitigation, the negative environmental and occupational consequences of mining practices are disproportionately felt in low- and middle-income countries. The Collegium Ramazzini statement on ASM presents updated information on its neglected health hazards that include multiple toxic hazards, most notably mercury, lead, cyanide, arsenic, cadmium, and cobalt, as well as physical hazards, most notably airborne dust and noise, and the high risk of infectious diseases. These hazards affect both miners and mining communities as working and living spaces are rarely separated. The impact on children and women is often severe, including hazardous exposures during the child-bearing age and pregnancies, and the risk of child labor. We suggest strategies for the mitigation of these hazards and classify those according to primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Further, we identify knowledge gaps and issue recommendations for international, national, and local governments, metal purchasers, and employers are given. With this statement, the Collegium Ramazzini calls for the extension of efforts to minimize all hazards that confront ASM miners and their families. 21 1 2022-12-16T11:15:29Z 2022-12-16T11:15:29Z 2022-08-26 research article https://cris.library.msu.ac.zw//handle/11408/5301 doi: 10.1186/s12940-022-00877-5. en Environmental Health open BMC |
spellingShingle | ASM Environmental health Global south Green energy transition Mining Occupational health. Philip Landrigan Stephan Bose-O'Reilly Johanna Elbel Gunnar Nordberg Roberto Lucchini Casey Bartrem Philippe Grandjean Donna Mergler Dingani Moyo Benoit Nemery Margrit von Braun Dennis Nowak Collegium Ramazzini Reducing disease and death from Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) - the urgent need for responsible mining in the context of growing global demand for minerals and metals for climate change mitigation |
title | Reducing disease and death from Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) - the urgent need for responsible mining in the context of growing global demand for minerals and metals for climate change mitigation |
title_full | Reducing disease and death from Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) - the urgent need for responsible mining in the context of growing global demand for minerals and metals for climate change mitigation |
title_fullStr | Reducing disease and death from Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) - the urgent need for responsible mining in the context of growing global demand for minerals and metals for climate change mitigation |
title_full_unstemmed | Reducing disease and death from Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) - the urgent need for responsible mining in the context of growing global demand for minerals and metals for climate change mitigation |
title_short | Reducing disease and death from Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) - the urgent need for responsible mining in the context of growing global demand for minerals and metals for climate change mitigation |
title_sort | reducing disease and death from artisanal and small-scale mining (asm) - the urgent need for responsible mining in the context of growing global demand for minerals and metals for climate change mitigation |
topic | ASM Environmental health Global south Green energy transition Mining Occupational health. |
url | https://cris.library.msu.ac.zw//handle/11408/5301 |
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