Irrigation frequency and soil type influence germination and early growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd).

The adoption of quinoa as a potential food crop in semi-arid Zimbabwe is threatened by poor seed establishment. A 4 x 3factorialexperiment arranged in a completely randomised design (CRD) was carried out to establish the effects of irrigation frequencies and different soil types on germi...

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Main Authors: Chaibva, Paul, Mugala, Cecil, Makuvaro, Veronica, Tavagwisa Muziri, Ignatius Chagonda, Blessing Mirika Ndau
Other Authors: Department of Agronomy and Horticulture Midlands State University
Format: preprint
Language:English
Published: agriRxiv 2022
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Online Access:https://cris.library.msu.ac.zw//handle/11408/5274
https://doi.org/10.31220/agriRxiv.2021.00067
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author Chaibva, Paul
Mugala, Cecil
Makuvaro, Veronica
Tavagwisa Muziri
Ignatius Chagonda
Blessing Mirika Ndau
author2 Department of Agronomy and Horticulture Midlands State University
author_facet Department of Agronomy and Horticulture Midlands State University
Chaibva, Paul
Mugala, Cecil
Makuvaro, Veronica
Tavagwisa Muziri
Ignatius Chagonda
Blessing Mirika Ndau
author_sort Chaibva, Paul
collection DSpace
description The adoption of quinoa as a potential food crop in semi-arid Zimbabwe is threatened by poor seed establishment. A 4 x 3factorialexperiment arranged in a completely randomised design (CRD) was carried out to establish the effects of irrigation frequencies and different soil types on germination and early growth of quinoa. Three soil types (sand, loam, and clay) and four irrigation frequencies (after every 1, 2, 3,and 4days) were used. Measurements taken included days to 50% emergence, germination percentage, mean germination time,germination rate index, coefficient velocity of germination, seedling height, final crop stand,and root density. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done using GenStat 18thEdition and mean separation was done using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) at a 5% significance level. There was an interaction between irrigation frequency and soil type on days to 50% emergence(p<0.05),germination percentage (p<0.05),germination rate index (p<0.05), seedling height (p<0.05), root length density (p<0.05), seedling crop stand (p<0.05). Sandy soil irrigatedon1-day intervals recorded the highest germination percentage (96.7%), while clay irrigated on 3-dayintervalsrecorded the lowest (41.7%)final germination percentage respectively. Seeds planted in sand and clay recorded the shortest (3.25) and longest (4.5) mean germination time (days) respectively. Loamy and sandy soils irrigated on3-day intervals and 1-day intervals recorded the lowest (29.4%) and highest (70.4%) germination rate index respectively. Loam soil irrigated on1-dayand 4-day intervals recorded the highest (16.37cm) and shortest (9.3cm)seedling height. Loam soil irrigated on2-dayand sandy soil irrigated on3-dayintervalsrecorded the lowest (3.07cm/cm3) and the highest (21.23cm/cm3) root length densities respectively. Sand irrigated on1-day intervals recorded the highest (85%) crop stand. Findings concluded and recommended planting and frequently irrigating quinoa in sandy soils for better crop establishment.
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spelling ir-11408-52742022-12-01T16:29:01Z Irrigation frequency and soil type influence germination and early growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). Chaibva, Paul Mugala, Cecil Makuvaro, Veronica Tavagwisa Muziri Ignatius Chagonda Blessing Mirika Ndau Department of Agronomy and Horticulture Midlands State University Department of Agronomy and Horticulture Midlands State University Department of Agronomy and Horticulture Midlands State University Department of Agronomy and Horticulture Midlands State University Department of Agricultural Practice Midlands State University Department of Land and Water Resources Midlands State University Quinoa production Water requirement Early crop development Soil Type The adoption of quinoa as a potential food crop in semi-arid Zimbabwe is threatened by poor seed establishment. A 4 x 3factorialexperiment arranged in a completely randomised design (CRD) was carried out to establish the effects of irrigation frequencies and different soil types on germination and early growth of quinoa. Three soil types (sand, loam, and clay) and four irrigation frequencies (after every 1, 2, 3,and 4days) were used. Measurements taken included days to 50% emergence, germination percentage, mean germination time,germination rate index, coefficient velocity of germination, seedling height, final crop stand,and root density. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done using GenStat 18thEdition and mean separation was done using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) at a 5% significance level. There was an interaction between irrigation frequency and soil type on days to 50% emergence(p<0.05),germination percentage (p<0.05),germination rate index (p<0.05), seedling height (p<0.05), root length density (p<0.05), seedling crop stand (p<0.05). Sandy soil irrigatedon1-day intervals recorded the highest germination percentage (96.7%), while clay irrigated on 3-dayintervalsrecorded the lowest (41.7%)final germination percentage respectively. Seeds planted in sand and clay recorded the shortest (3.25) and longest (4.5) mean germination time (days) respectively. Loamy and sandy soils irrigated on3-day intervals and 1-day intervals recorded the lowest (29.4%) and highest (70.4%) germination rate index respectively. Loam soil irrigated on1-dayand 4-day intervals recorded the highest (16.37cm) and shortest (9.3cm)seedling height. Loam soil irrigated on2-dayand sandy soil irrigated on3-dayintervalsrecorded the lowest (3.07cm/cm3) and the highest (21.23cm/cm3) root length densities respectively. Sand irrigated on1-day intervals recorded the highest (85%) crop stand. Findings concluded and recommended planting and frequently irrigating quinoa in sandy soils for better crop establishment. 1 20 2022-12-01T16:29:00Z 2022-12-01T16:29:00Z 2021-08-03 preprint https://cris.library.msu.ac.zw//handle/11408/5274 https://doi.org/10.31220/agriRxiv.2021.00067 en open agriRxiv
spellingShingle Quinoa production
Water requirement
Early crop development
Soil Type
Chaibva, Paul
Mugala, Cecil
Makuvaro, Veronica
Tavagwisa Muziri
Ignatius Chagonda
Blessing Mirika Ndau
Irrigation frequency and soil type influence germination and early growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd).
title Irrigation frequency and soil type influence germination and early growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd).
title_full Irrigation frequency and soil type influence germination and early growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd).
title_fullStr Irrigation frequency and soil type influence germination and early growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd).
title_full_unstemmed Irrigation frequency and soil type influence germination and early growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd).
title_short Irrigation frequency and soil type influence germination and early growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd).
title_sort irrigation frequency and soil type influence germination and early growth of quinoa (chenopodium quinoa willd).
topic Quinoa production
Water requirement
Early crop development
Soil Type
url https://cris.library.msu.ac.zw//handle/11408/5274
https://doi.org/10.31220/agriRxiv.2021.00067
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