Ground closure monitoring systems on trial in deep to ultra-deep mechanized gold mining
As mining progresses towards deep to ultra-deep levels, rockbursts, support failure, stope closure, and stress fracturing become more pronounced. Electronic monitoring cable anchor devices, extensometers, closure meters, strain cells and FOG lights are currently employed in deep to ultra—deep level...
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| Format: | Book chapter |
| Language: | English |
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CRC Press
2022
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429462078 http://hdl.handle.net/11408/4908 |
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| author | Zvarivadza, T. Sengani, F. |
| author_facet | Zvarivadza, T. Sengani, F. |
| author_sort | Zvarivadza, T. |
| collection | DSpace |
| description | As mining progresses towards deep to ultra-deep levels, rockbursts, support failure, stope closure, and stress fracturing become more pronounced. Electronic monitoring cable anchor devices, extensometers, closure meters, strain cells and FOG lights are currently employed in deep to ultra—deep level mechanized gold mining in South Africa for stability monitoring. The main objective of the study was to monitor the impact of blasting longhole stopes within development cuts on ground deformation or ground closure. This is meant to improve safety of employees that connect from one point to another performing different duties in the mine. This was achieved through installation of ground closure monitoring systems that measure the strain or ground deformation as mining progresses. However, the monitoring systems were performing differently based on their effectiveness. It was found that both electronic monitoring cable anchors and extensometers were more sensitive as compared to FOG lights through detecting micro strain or deformation. Numerical modelling was also conducted to determine the rate of ground closure influenced by blasting longhole stopes within development cuts. The model indicated that the ground closure rate ranged from 400 mm to 600 mm. The electronic Monitoring cable anchors were only installed along the ramp and haulages, strain measurements were found to range from −1 × 10−7 to 1.5 × 10−7. The extensometers were installed within development ends where longhole stopes were blasted, the closure was found to range from 200 mm to 500 mm. It was noted that rapid blasting of longhole stopes within development cuts led to rapid ground closure and rockmass instability as well as massive Falls of Ground. |
| format | Book chapter |
| id | ir-11408-4908 |
| institution | My University |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | CRC Press |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ir-11408-49082022-06-28T10:31:41Z Ground closure monitoring systems on trial in deep to ultra-deep mechanized gold mining Zvarivadza, T. Sengani, F. Deep to ultra-deep levels Rockbursts, Electronic monitoring cable anchor devices Extensometers Gold mining As mining progresses towards deep to ultra-deep levels, rockbursts, support failure, stope closure, and stress fracturing become more pronounced. Electronic monitoring cable anchor devices, extensometers, closure meters, strain cells and FOG lights are currently employed in deep to ultra—deep level mechanized gold mining in South Africa for stability monitoring. The main objective of the study was to monitor the impact of blasting longhole stopes within development cuts on ground deformation or ground closure. This is meant to improve safety of employees that connect from one point to another performing different duties in the mine. This was achieved through installation of ground closure monitoring systems that measure the strain or ground deformation as mining progresses. However, the monitoring systems were performing differently based on their effectiveness. It was found that both electronic monitoring cable anchors and extensometers were more sensitive as compared to FOG lights through detecting micro strain or deformation. Numerical modelling was also conducted to determine the rate of ground closure influenced by blasting longhole stopes within development cuts. The model indicated that the ground closure rate ranged from 400 mm to 600 mm. The electronic Monitoring cable anchors were only installed along the ramp and haulages, strain measurements were found to range from −1 × 10−7 to 1.5 × 10−7. The extensometers were installed within development ends where longhole stopes were blasted, the closure was found to range from 200 mm to 500 mm. It was noted that rapid blasting of longhole stopes within development cuts led to rapid ground closure and rockmass instability as well as massive Falls of Ground. 2022-06-28T10:31:41Z 2022-06-28T10:31:41Z 2018 Book chapter 9780429462078 https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429462078 http://hdl.handle.net/11408/4908 en EUROCK2018: Geomechanics and Geodynamics of Rock Masses edited by Vladimir Litvinenko;Chapter 59 open CRC Press |
| spellingShingle | Deep to ultra-deep levels Rockbursts, Electronic monitoring cable anchor devices Extensometers Gold mining Zvarivadza, T. Sengani, F. Ground closure monitoring systems on trial in deep to ultra-deep mechanized gold mining |
| title | Ground closure monitoring systems on trial in deep to ultra-deep mechanized gold mining |
| title_full | Ground closure monitoring systems on trial in deep to ultra-deep mechanized gold mining |
| title_fullStr | Ground closure monitoring systems on trial in deep to ultra-deep mechanized gold mining |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ground closure monitoring systems on trial in deep to ultra-deep mechanized gold mining |
| title_short | Ground closure monitoring systems on trial in deep to ultra-deep mechanized gold mining |
| title_sort | ground closure monitoring systems on trial in deep to ultra-deep mechanized gold mining |
| topic | Deep to ultra-deep levels Rockbursts, Electronic monitoring cable anchor devices Extensometers Gold mining |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429462078 http://hdl.handle.net/11408/4908 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zvarivadzat groundclosuremonitoringsystemsontrialindeeptoultradeepmechanizedgoldmining AT senganif groundclosuremonitoringsystemsontrialindeeptoultradeepmechanizedgoldmining |